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Dunite and Basanite 


Basanite  and Dunite


Definition

Definition
Dunite is a green to brownish coarse-grained igneous rock mainly consisting of olivine  
Basanite is a black basaltic rock which mainly contains plagioclase, augite, olivine and nepheline and is formerly used as a touchstone  

History
  
  

Origin
New Zealand  
Unknown  

Discoverer
Ferdinand von Hochstetter  
Unknown  

Etymology
From the name of Dun Mountain, New Zealand, + -ite1  
From Latin basanites + -ite  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Plutonic  
Not Applicable  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Phaneritic  
Aphanitic to Porphyritic  

Color
Dark Greenish - Grey  
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Rough and Shiny  
Glassy or Pearly  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  
Decorative Aggregates, Homes  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Whetstones  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar  
Arrowheads, Construction Aggregate, Cutting Tool, Spear Points  

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used  
Not Yet Used  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines  
Artifacts, Monuments  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Source of Chromite, Platinum, Nickel and Garnet, Source of Diamonds  
As a touchstone, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms  

Types

Types
Not Available  
Nepheline-Basanite, Analcite-Basanite and Leucite-Basanite  

Features
Constitutes upper part of the Earth's mantle, Generally rough to touch, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock  
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Used as a touchstone  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used  
Used  

Famous Monuments
Data Not Available  
Data Not Available  

Sculpture
Used  
Not Yet Used  

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available  
Not Applicable  

Pictographs
Used  
Not Used  

Petroglyphs
Used  
Not Used  

Figurines
Used  
Not Yet Used  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Dunite is a plutonic ultramafic igneous rock consisting almost m olivine. It can be formed in two ways.   
Basanite is a fine-grained, hard rock that forms when bits of lava shoot out of volcanoes.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Amphibole, Chromite, Garnet, Magnesium, Olivine, Phlogopite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  
Augite, Feldspar, Ilmenite, Olivine, Plagioclase  

Compound Content
Ca, CaO, Fe, Potassium, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium, Titanium Dioxide  
Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
3.5-4  
7  

Grain Size
Coarse Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Irregular  
Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal  

Streak
White  
White  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Highly Porous  

Luster
Shiny  
Waxy and Dull  

Compressive Strength
107.55 N/mm2  
19
Not Available  

Cleavage
Imperfect  
Non-Existent  

Toughness
2.1  
1.5  

Specific Gravity
3-3.01  
2.5-2.8  

Transparency
Translucent to Opaque  
Translucent to Opaque  

Density
2.84-2.85 g/cm3  
2.7 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
1.25 kJ/Kg K  
6
0.74 kJ/Kg K  
19

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey  
Not Yet Found  

Africa
Morocco, South Africa  
Uganda  

Europe
Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, Venezuela  
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain  

Others
Not Yet Found  
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
USA  

South America
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela  
Bolivia, Brazil  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Dunite and Basanite  Properties

Know all about Dunite and Basanite  properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Dunite and Basanite  belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Dunite is Phaneritic whereas that of Basanite  is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Dunite appears Rough and Shiny and Basanite  appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Dunite is shiny while that of Basanite  is waxy and dull. Dunite is available in dark greenish - grey colors whereas Basanite  is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Dunite are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, source of chromite, platinum, nickel and garnet, source of diamonds and that of Basanite  are as a touchstone, creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, manufacture of tools, metallurgical flux, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms.

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